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Bài Tập Câu Trực Tiếp Gián Tiếp Lớp 8,9 Có Đáp Án
Câu Tường Thuật Tiếng Anh: 4 Cấu Trúc Và Cách Sử Dụng Cơ Bản
Cách Dùng Mệnh Lệnh Thức Imperatives
Hướng Dẫn Cách Miêu Tả Ngoại Hình Tiếng Anh Cực Hay
Những Câu Nhờ Vả Trong Tiếng Anh Chuẩn Như Tây
CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT
Câu tường thuật (câu gián tiếp) là câu dùng để thuật lại nội dung của lời nói trực tiếp
a.
Nếu
động từ của mệnh đề tường thuật dùng ở thì hiện tại
thì khi đổi sang
câu gián tiếp ta chỉ đổi ngôi; không đổi thì của động từ và trạng từ.
Ex: She says: “I am a teacher.”
She says that she is a teacher.
Ex: “I am writing a letter now” Tom says.
Tom says that he is writing a letter now.
b. Nếu động từ của mệnh đề tường thuật dùng ở thì quá khứ thì khi chuyển sang câu gián tiếp ta đổi ngôi, thì của động từ, trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn.
I. Thay đổi ngôi (Đại từ nhân xưng, Đại từ sở hữu và Tính từ sở hữu)
1. Ngôi thứ nhất: dựa vào chủ từ của mệnh đề tường thuật; thường đổi sang ngôi thứ ba
I → He / She me → him / her my → his / her
We → They us → them our → their
Ex: He said: “I learned English.”
→ He said that he had learnt English.
Ex: She said to me, “My mother gives me a psent.”
→ She told me that her mother gave her a psent.
2. Ngôi thứ hai: (You, your)
– Xét ý nghĩa của câu và đổi cho phù hợp, thường đổi dựa vào túc từ của mệnh đề tường thuật
Ex: Mary said: “You are late again.”
→ Mary said that you were late again.
Ex: “I will meet you at the airport”, he said to me.
→ He told me that he would meet me at the airport.
3. Ngôi thứ ba (He / She / Him / Her / His / They / Them / Their): giữ nguyên, không đổi
II. Thay đổi về thì trong câu:
DIRECT
INDIRECT
Simple psent
V1 /Vs(es)
Simple past
V2/ V-ed
Present progressive
am/ is/ are + V-ing
Past progressive
was/ were + V-ing
Present perfect
have / has + P.P
Past perfect
had + P.P
Present perfect progressive
have / has been +V-ing
Past perfect progressive
had been + V-ing
Simple past
V2 / -ed
Past perfect
had + P.P
Past progressive
was / were + V-ing
Past perfect progressive
had been + V-ing
Simple future
will + V1
Future in the past
would + V1
Future progressive
will be + V-ing
Future progressive in the past
would be + V-ing
Modal Verb
can
May
Must
have/has to
Modal Verb in the Past
could
Might
Had to
Had to
III. Thay đổi các trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn:
DIRECT
INDIRECT
Now/ Here/ This
Then/ There/ That
These
Those
Today
That day
Yesterday
The day before / the pvious day
Last year
The year before / the pvious year
Tonight
That night
Tomorrow
The following day / the next day/ the day after
Next month
The following month / the next month
Ago
before
The day before yesterday
Two day before
The day before tomorrow
Two day after
CÁC THAY ĐỔI CỤ THỂ CHO TỪNG LOẠI CÂU TRONG LỜI NÓI GIÁN TIẾP
1. COMMANDS / REQUESTS (Câu mệnh lệnh, câu đề nghị)
– Mệnh lệnh khẳng định:
Direct: S + V + O: “V1 + O …”
Indirect: S + asked / told + O + to-inf + ….
Ex: He said to her: “Keep silent, please.”
→ He told her to keep silent.
“Wash your hands before having dinner, Lan.” the mother said.
→ The mother told Lan to wash her hands before having dinner.
– Mệnh lệnh phủ định:
Direct: S + V + O: “Don’t + V1 + …”
Indirect: S + asked / told + O + not + to-inf ….
Ex: “Don’t forget to phone me this afternoon,” he said.
→ He reminded me to phone him that afternoon.
The teacher said to the students: “Don’t talk in the class.”
→ The teacher told the students not to talk in the class.
Ex: The doctor said to his patient: “Do exercise regularly.”
2. STATEMENT (Câu trần thuật)
Direct: S + V + (O) : “clause”
Indirect: S + told / said + (O) + (that) + clause
Note: said to → told
Ex: Tom said, “I want to visit my friend this weekend.”
→ Tom said (that) he wanted to visit his friend that weekend.
She said to me, “I am going to Dalat next summer.”
→ She told me (that) she was goingto Dalat the following summer.
3. QUESTIONS (Câu hỏi)
a. Yes – No question
Direct: S + V + (O) : “Aux. V + S + V1 + ….?”
Indirect: S + asked + O + if / whether + S + V + ….
Ex: He asked: “Have you ever been to Japan, Mary?”
→ He asked Mary if / whether she had ever been to Japan.
“Did you go out last night, Tan?” I asked
→ I asked Tan if / whether he had gone out the night before.
b. Wh – question
Direct: S + V + (O): “Wh- + Aux. V + S + V1 + …?”
Indirect: S + asked + O + Wh- + S + V + ….
Ex: “How long are you waiting for the bus?” he asked me.
→ He asked me how long I was waiting for the bus.
4. DANH ĐỘNG TỪ (V-ING) TRONG LỜI NÓI GIÁN TIẾP
Khi lời nói trực tiếp là lời đề nghị , chúc mừng, cảm ơn, xin lỗi, …động từ tường thuật cùng với danh động từ (V-ing) theo sau nó thường được dùng để chuyển tải nội dung lời nói trên.
a. Reporting Verb + V-ing + ….
Deny (phủ nhận), admit (thừa nhận), suggest (đề nghị), regret (nuối tiếc), appciate (đánh giá cao, cảm kích)
Ex: Peter said: “I didn’t steal the painting.”
→ Peter denied stealing the painting.
“Why don’t we go out for a walk?” said the boy.
→ The boy suggested going out for a walk.
b. Reporting Verb + (Someone) + Preposition + V-ing + ….
– thank someone for (cám ơn ai về ….)
– accuse someone of (buộc tội ai về …)
– congratulate someone on (chúc mừng ai về ….)
– warn someone against (cảnh báo ai về ….)
– dream of (mơ về …)
– object to (chống đối về ….)
– apologize someone for (xin lỗi ai về …)
– insist on (khăng khăng dòi …)
– complain about (phàn nàn về ….)
Ex: “I’m happy to know that you win the game. Congratulations!”, Jim said to Mary.
→ Jim congratulated Mary on winning the game.
Daisy said: “Thank you for helping me”
→ Daisy thanked me for helping her.
Note:
1. Why don’t you / Why not / How about → suggested + (someone) + V-ing …
Ex: “Why don’t you send her some flowers?” he said.
→ He suggested me sending her some flowers.
2. Let’s → suggested + V-ing …
Let’s not → suggested + not + V-ing …
Ex: “Let’s meet outside the cinema,” he said.
→ He suggested meeting outside the cinema.
She said: “Let’s not talk about that problem again.”
→ She suggested not talking about that problem again.
3. Shall we / It’s a good idea → suggested + V-ing …
Ex: “It’s a good idea to go for a picnic this weekend,” she said.
→ She suggested going for a picnic that weekend.
5. ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU (TO-INFINITIVE) TRONG LỜI NÓI GIÁN TIẾP
Khi lời nói gián tiếp là một lời đề nghị, mệnh lệnh, ý định, lời hứa, lời yêu cầu, …động từ tường thuật cùng với động từ nguyên mẫu theo sau nó thường được dùng để chuyển tải nội dung lời nói này.
a. Reporting Verb + To-inf …
– agree demand (đòi hỏi) guarantee (bảo đảm)
– hope promise swear (thề)
– threaten (đe dọa) volunteer offer (đưa ra đề nghị)
– refuse consent (bằng lòng) decide
Ex: “I will give you my book if you need it,” said my friend.
→ My friend offered to give me her book if I needed it.
b. Reporting Verb + Object + To-inf …
– expect (mong đợi) instruct (hướng dẫn) invite (mời)
– order (ra lệnh) persuade (thuyết phục) recommend (khuyên)
– remind (nhắc nhở) encourage (cổ vũ) tell (bảo)
– urge (thúc giục) warn (cảnh báo) want (muốn, mong muốn)
Ex: “Don’t forget to lock the door,” I said to my sister.
→ I reminded my sister to lock the door.
Ann said: “Come to my place whenever you are free.”
→ Ann invited me to come to her place whenever I was free.
Note:
1. Lời đề nghị:
Would you / Could you / Will you / Can you → asked + someone + to-inf
Would you mind / Do you mind + V-ing → asked + someone + to-inf
Ex: “Can you read the instructions again?” she said.
→ She asked me to read the instructions again.
He said: “Would you mind opening the door, please?”
→ He asked me to open the door.
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Các trường hợp không đổi thì
– Sự thật, sự việc luôn luôn đúng:
“The earth moves round the sun” he said.
They said: “Sai Gon is busier than Hanoi ”
Lưu ý:
không dùng say + somebody mà dùng tell + somebody hay say something to somebody.
“If I were you, I would leave here” he said.
– Wish + past simple/ past perfect:
“I wish I lived in Da Nang”, he said.
– Cấu trúc “it’s time somebody did something”:
“It’s time he woke up”, she said.
– Would/ should/ ought to/ had better/ used to không chuyển:
“ You’d better work hard” he said
Các cách chuyển đổi cơ bản
A. Say that + a statement
“All right, I’ll help you” he said.
“ Oh, no, I won’t come to your party”, he said.
“I’ll look for the cat for you tomorrow if you like” he said.
“I’ll visit your parents when I arrive there”, he said
“I’ll sell the TV set if you keep on watching it all day”, said the father
B. Say that + a statement
“You stole the jewels” said the inspector
“I’ve made the wall dirty” said one student.
“I’m sorry I’m late” she said.
“No, we didn’t enter the garden” said the boy.
“Certainly, I’ll buy that car for you”, said he.
“I’ve finished all my homework”, he said to me.
“I’m going to Hanoi tomorrow”, he said.
invite, order, tell, warn, remind…
“You’d better hurry”, he said.
“Post the letter for me, will you?”he said.
“Make another try, please”, he said.
“Don’t drive too fast”, he said.
“Remember to close the door”, he said.
“Don’t forget to come at 6 a.m tomorrow”, he said.
F. Questions in indirect speech
– Thời, đại từ, tính từ sở hữu, trạng từ chuyển như ở câu tường thuật.
“Are you absent from your classes today?” he asked.
where, when, why, how: Các từ để hỏi trên sẽ được giữ nguyên trong câu gián tiếp:]
“Where do you often meet your friends?” she said.
• About future event (sự kiện trong tương lai)
“Shall we attend the meeting tomorrow”, she said.
“Shall I read it, mother?” he said.
• Offer to do something
“Shall we bring you some new books?” she said.
• Suggest to do something
“Shall we go to the cinema tonight”, he said.
ask, told.
“ Will you come to my party tomorrow?” he said.
“Could you get ready at 6p.m tonight?” he said.
“Would you like some cigarettes?” he said.
“Will you shut your mouth?” he said.
(nếu bao gồm cả người nói thực hiện hành động)
hiện hành động)
“Let’s go to the cinema tonight”, he said.
“Let’s eat out tonight” said the mother.
“Yes, let’s” said the son.
“No, let’s not” said the father.
“I must finish my work tomorrow”, he said.
“Must you go soon?” she said.
L. Câu cảm thán trong lời nói gián tiếp
• What + a + noun! /how + adj
“How beautiful the picture is”, he said.
“What a dirty kitchen!” she said.
“How wonderful”, he said.
“Have you finished your homework?”he said
“Yes”, she said
“Are you ready for the exam?” he said.
“No”, she said.
“Would you like to have dinner with me tonight?”, he said. “thank you, I’d love to” she said.
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Bài tập: Chuyển những câu sau sang gián tiếp.
1. “Shall I help you with the exercises?” he said.
2. “Shall we give him a birthday cake?” he said.
3. “Could I leave early on Friday?” he said.
4. “Where shall we meet tonight?” she said.
5. “Will you have a drink?” he said.
6. “How far is it from here to college?” he said.
7. “Do you often have breakfast at 6.30 a.m?” he said
8. “Don’t swim too far, boys” she said.
9. “Do come in and have a drink” he said.
10. “Remember to wake me up” she said.
11. “If I were you, I would learn English”, she said.
12. “Why don’t we go camping this Sunday?” he said.
13. “Would you like to come to my birthday party next Sunday?” she said.
14. “Let’s have a talk on the new film”, he said.
15. “ Shall I do the cleaning up for you?” he said.
16. “What a clever boy!” she said.
17. “How ugly!” he said.
18. “Did you ppare your meal?” he said. “No” I said.
19. “Happy birthday”, he said.
20. “Take your seat”, he said. “thank”, I said.
--- Bài cũ hơn ---
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Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh – Thức Giả Định (Phần 1)
Cách Sử Dụng Cấu Trúc Dự Đoán Với
Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh – Những Điều Cơ Bản Bị Lãng Quên Thường Gặp
Mặc Dù Trong Tiếng Tiếng Anh
